Teach you how to reduce the distortion in the design of the speaker system

　　This old -fashioned topic still attracts the interests of speakers because of the possibility of counterfeiting. Foreign experts have told a story: there is a very aggressive speaker designer at Oxford University proudly brought a newly developed speaker sample to the famous Geeper player Leo Ferner for Leo's Geefram. Fender tested the speaker and told the engineer that the speaker was "too clean". In order to achieve satisfaction, he asked to express more distortion in the speaker.

　　Generally, additional distortion is not a problem with the speaker, and it is more suitable to say how to reduce distortion. In the era of audio sound source (such as CD singers) and amplifiers, it is less than 0.01%. The speaker is the weakest view of the speaker chain. However, people have learned how to reduce distortion in the speaker system.

　　First of all, to clarify some terms: the so -called distortion refers to the result of non -linearity in the speaker transmission function. Some people define distortion: any other changes between the input and output waveform value of the device. This definition also includes the influence of frequency response and the corresponding aspect, which is essentially a linear effect.

　　Second, let's comment on the influence of non -linearity in the system. There are two effects of non -linearly: it contributes to the input frequency in harmony at the output end (multiple times of frequency), and it promotes the emergence of modulation products (and difference). The latter is called a modulation distortion (or mutual distortion). Non -linear special frequency depends on non -linear properties. In other words, some non -linear forms cause more harmonic distortion, while others cause more modulation distortion.

　　Similarly, special harmonic or modulated products also depend on non -linear forms. For example, when the central glue interface is loose, it will generate higher harmonics in the speaker-1 10 times, 12 times, etc.-and the sound of the audio in the magnetic pneumatic gap will generate low-time occasional occasions Harmony, such as 2 and four times.

　　Generally speaking, the modulation distortion can be heard more and more annoying than the harmonic distortion: the tone adds harmonics just to change the tone of the tone, and the frequency of the increase or or worse Any frequency in the source is not reconciled), as if adding the wrong tone in the orchestral band.

　　Usually, distortion is specified in the percentage of signals. People have done many tests to determine the minimum percentage of harmonic distortion and modulation distortion. In the end, the change of the goal proves such a fact, and the testator sought wrong. In fact, the minimum and listening amount of distortion is determined by the mask of human hearing. Therefore, it is determined by the complexity of the frequency range, SPL, and sound source.

　　Speaker equipment manufacturers often react the difficulty of the subjective reaction of the distortion indicators and the distortion curve chart of the electronic equipment printed (the distortion in the device can be less than 0.01%), but the speaker is ignored within the effective frequency range of the valid frequency range. And the distortion of the actual listening sound level (the speaker harmonic distortion is rarely less than 1%). Although the frequency sound of the speaker system is generally public, many experiments have proved that the ears can tolerate most frequent changes. In fact, the change of non -linear distortion is more painful with the time when the listener is fatigue.

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